[分享]自由泳--游泳姿势的由来和技术的发展
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT color=#ff3300><FONT size=7><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">自由泳</SPAN></I></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">游泳姿势的由来和技术的发展</SPAN></I></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></I></B></FONT></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT color=#ff3300><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> <FONT size=7> </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><STRONG><FONT size=7><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">古代人学游泳，是从观察并模仿鱼类和青蛙等动物在水中浮游的动作开始的。现代游泳的许多姿势，也都是模仿动物的动作姿势而创造出来的。自由泳也叫爬泳</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">，</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">在自由泳比赛中，运动员可以采用任何一种姿势进行游进。由于爬泳的速度最快，所以在自由泳比赛中，一般都采用爬泳。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></STRONG></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><STRONG><FONT size=7><FONT color=#ff3300><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">爬泳的历史悠久，它是古代人类为了生存和自然界作斗争中，在水中获取藻类和鱼类食物时所采用的泅水姿势。自从仃游泳比赛起，人们为了寻求较快的游泳方式，经过多少次变革，后来出现了侧泳，进而又出现了两臂轮流划水，并提臂经空中前摆动大轮臂爬泳</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">也叫大爬泳</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">。但是，当时两腿的动作尚未定型，运动员在游进中采用双腿同时蹬水的动作。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue">1890</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">年，英国人特拉金首先采用了两臂轮流划水的方法，所以被人们称作为</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">特拉金式</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">这种方法是近代爬泳的雏形．</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></STRONG></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><STRONG><FONT size=7><FONT color=#ff3300><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue">1896</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">年第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">届奥运会时，自由泳就被列为游泳比赛的唯一项目。不过当时参加比赛的运动员姿势五花八门，除采用</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">特拉金式</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">外，从两腿蹬夹和从空中移臂的动作等来看，都带有爬泳的特点。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></STRONG></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><STRONG><FONT size=7><FONT color=#ff3300><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>1900</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">年，澳大利亚运动员</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue">R</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">．卡维尔首先采用双臂轮流划水、两腿上下交替打水的姿势。他在游进时，腿臂动作像爬行，因而他采用的泳式被人们称作为</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">爬泳</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">。这种姿势，不久就传入英国及其他国家和地区，后来采用的运动员越来越多，使以后的奥运会自由泳比赛成为爬泳技术的较量。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></STRONG></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><STRONG><FONT size=7><FONT color=#ff3300><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">匈牙利运动员哈尔梅曾采用两腿不动，而只用两臂划水的技术，在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue">1905</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">年他以</SPAN><?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="False" HasSpace="False" SourceValue="100" UnitName="米"><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="False" HasSpace="False" SourceValue="1" UnitName="’"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">’</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="False" HasSpace="False" SourceValue="5" UnitName="”"><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="False" HasSpace="False" SourceValue="100" UnitName="米"></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue">05</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">”</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue">8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">的成绩创造了</SPAN><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="False" HasSpace="False" SourceValue="100" UnitName="米"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue">100</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">米</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">自由泳世界纪录。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></STRONG></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><STRONG><FONT size=7><FONT color=#ff3300><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">随着不断的研究、试验和实践，爬泳技术也有了不断的发展。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue">20</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">世纪</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue">20</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">年代，开始出现两腿有节奏的向下打水的技术，这是爬泳技术的新起点。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue">1922</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">年</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">美国运动员韦斯摩勒，开创了爬泳的新纪元，他在游进中的身体姿势、腿和臂的动作与呼吸配合，创造了爬泳的新技术，成为现代爬泳技术的模式。从此爬泳技术就沿着他的技术向前发展，并使爬泳技术进入了一个较高水平的发展阶段。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></STRONG></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><STRONG><FONT size=7><FONT color=#ff3300><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">随后，爬泳又经过了不断的改革和实践，在技术配合上和风格上又出现了不同的配合形式和各种新的流派。如先后出现了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue">6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue">4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">不同形式的配合技术。与此同时也出现有规则的打水配合技术与不规则的打水配合技术。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: blue"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></STRONG></P><br><br>［此帖子已被 四水 在 2008-3-7 19:19:17 编辑过］ <FONT face=隶书 color=#cc00ff size=7><STRONG><EM>不断学习、提高！</EM></STRONG></FONT> 理论指导实践！ 原文由 三省克己 发表: 理论指导实践！ <FONT size=6>人要活到老学到老，才能不段进步。</FONT> 原文由 夕阳玫瑰 发表: <FONT face=隶书 color=#cc00ff size=7><STRONG><EM>不断学习、提高！</EM></STRONG></FONT> 学习了.谢谢!!
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